After the 30% federal residential storage tax credit (Section 25D) expired on December 31, 2025, utility Virtual Power Plant (VPP) credits and Time-of-Use (TOU) tariffs became the deciding math for home batteries and EVs. Calculators use official tariff figures with source links. Capacity adjustments (Duke’s current 70.9% capability factor, which can change), estimated riders, 3-hour kWh bottlenecks, and demand charges are shown only when we can source or clearly label them.
| State | Electric Utility & Program | Tariff Category | Benchmark Yr-1 / Upfront | Regulatory Docket | Calculator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC / SC | Duke Energy Carolinas & Progress PowerPair + Monthly Battery Control (Power Manager / EnergyWise) |
VPP + Upfront Rebate | $753/yr Upfront rebate / credit: $5,400 |
NCUC Docket No. E-2, Sub 1300 & E-7, Sub 1276 | Calculate → |
| MA / RI | Eversource, National Grid & Rhode Island Energy ConnectedSolutions Residential Battery Demand Response |
Performance VPP ($/kW Summer Curtailment) | $990/yr Upfront rebate / credit: $0 |
MA DPU Three-Year Energy Efficiency Plan (2025–2027) | Calculate → |
| GA | Georgia Power Overnight Advantage vs. Smart Usage TOU & Demand Decoder |
TOU Rate Arbitrage & Demand-Charge Decoder | $3,438/yr Overnight Advantage (Yr 1): $2,752/yr |
Georgia PSC Docket No. 44280 / 2026 Fuel & Rate Riders | Calculate → |
| CO | Xcel Energy Colorado Renewable Battery Connect (2026 Reopened VPP) |
Upfront $/kW Rebate + Annual Grid Credit | $418/yr Upfront rebate / credit: $3,837 |
Colorado PUC Proceeding No. 23AL-0392E / 2026 DER Plan | Calculate → |
| MD | BGE, Pepco, Delmarva Power & Potomac Edison Maryland DRIVE Act V2G & Home Battery EDSSS Pilots |
Bidirectional EV (V2G) & Storage VPP Tariff | Summer 2027 Annual program payment: $3,000/yr |
Maryland PSC Case No. 9761 / Order No. 91917 & July 2026 Order | Calculate → |
| TX | Reliant, TXU, Tesla Electric, CPS Energy & Co-ops Texas Home Battery VPP & Retail Monthly Credit Decoder |
ERCOT REP Monthly Bill Credit & Event VPP | $699/yr Upfront rebate / credit: $0 |
PUCT Project No. 53911 (Aggregate Distributed Energy Resource Pilot) | Calculate → |
Calculate 2026 Duke Energy PowerPair battery rebates ($5,400 storage + $3,600 solar) and monthly Battery Control credits using the $6.50/kW formula times the 70.9% capability factor (subject to change).
Calculate 2026 ConnectedSolutions battery payouts: $275/kW average summer performance in Massachusetts and $225/kW in Rhode Island, using 3-hour event energy limits and a 20% reserve.
Compare Georgia Power Overnight Advantage (TOU-OA-15) and Smart Usage (TOU-RD-12) using official June 2026 energy charges and time-of-use fuel riders, with other riders labeled as estimates.
Model Xcel Energy Colorado Renewable Battery Connect after May 2026: $250/kW general (cap $5,000), $1,000/kW income-qualified and $500/kW DIC (each capped at 75% of equipment cost), plus $100/year for five years.
Maryland PSC-approved DRIVE Act compensation: $300/kW-year nameplate for direct residential standalone storage or bidirectional EVs, $150/kW-year solar-paired storage, and $90/kW-year aggregator reservation plus event pay up to $6/kWh. Payments expected starting summer 2027.
Compare documented 2026 Texas home-battery program payments: Reliant Battery Perks $50/month, CoServ $30/month per eligible Powerwall, TXU $150 every six months ($300/year), and CPS Energy $10 per event.
Installers often multiply an 11.5 kW inverter by headline $/kW rates, ignoring Duke's ~71% monthly adjustment or New England's 3-hour kWh duration bottleneck.
Advertising a 2.2272¢/kWh super off-peak energy rate leaves out official period-specific fuel charges and other riders. Remaining riders in this calculator are labeled estimates, with the percentages shown.
Every calculator defaults to 0% federal tax credit on homeowner cash purchases while isolating third-party Section 48E commercial lease pass-throughs.